Excessive+Punishment

= ‍‍‍‍Excessive Punishment‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍s ‍‍‍ ‍‍‍‍‍ =

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Punishment is made by government, and it is a special way to censorship people,and punish the criminal and deprive their legal right. It is also reform criminal and make people keep a vigilant.======

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Maybe people do not know that in the socio-economic development andprogress of human civilization ， the guiding ideology ofperson in power lead todevelopments and changes inpenalties. ====== This topic **//Excessive punishment//** generally means capital punishment and cruel punishment. The pain and deprivation of certain rights and interests is the foundation upon which the penalty. If this attribute is not punishment, the penalty will lose their properties and not become a punishment. And today the mainpenaltyis imprisonmentand the death penalty. In most countries, the penalty systems have better achievethe key objectives ofthe rule of law: protect the society, alert the world. In fact, in the Anthem, peoplein the **//Anthem//**, the reason why they need so many rules because the legal system and punishment make sure that the council can maintain their control to the world. People follow the rules, that they can be saved; someone who breaks the rules must be punished. This is the reason why the council needs so excessive punishment. And it is really useful and successful. Equality can feel many people have fear in their eyes, they afraid to talk, they afraid to think. “…our brothers are silent, for they dare not speak the thoughts of their minds. For all must agree with all, and they cannot know if their thoughts are the thoughts of all, and so they fear to speak.” (**//Anthem.//** 47). People always keep silent because the rule is like the biggest shackle which is no shape. Those rules are like make they breathe hardly because rules and punishments exist side by side and play a part together.

[|Capital punishment]
Capital punishment isthe one of the oldestpenalty in world. The criminal who Suffer this way to lose their generally committed a serious crime 70% of countries have abolished the death penalty, in the countries which are influential in the world, there are only the United States, Japan and India also retained the death penalty. United States has 14 statesabolished thedeath penalty, and 36 states retain the death penalty  Japan has small number of executions each year, and they are limited to aggravated murder. India's death penalty severely restricted, and the number of executions declined

Orange---the countries do not abrogate the capital punishment but they do not use capital punishment.

Bluethe countries abrogate the capital punishment.

Pinkthe countries have capital punishment and still use it.

Greenthe countries abrogate the capital punishment but expect some special time. Form some information that shows **since 2000**, the death penaltyincluded: Beheading(SaudiArabia,Yemen) Electrocution (USA) Death by hanging (Egypt、 Iran、 Singapore) Executed (China Belarus Viet Nam) Injection (China America Thailand) Stoned to death (Afghanistan Iran)

Legal system is an importantcomponent departmentof society, any development and unique shape of legal system are related to the politics, economic, cultural, customs, and traditions. So in the anthem, only one capital punishment that shows for reader is death by fire, however, this kind punishments are not belonged to above punishments. Why is this kind of punishment fit for this society of Anthem? There are more information to analyses them.



In ancient times, punishment for a crime is also very simple, only about two: death and slavery. From the Middle Ages to the 19th century, the main purpose of the official purposes of punishment is retribution and deterrence for criminal, and to punish the evil effect. In different cultures, fire is always used to death. Form some information that in the Western Middle Ages to early modern, Inquisition with dissidents executed this way.Romans crucified prisoners, and then poured full of pitch and turpentine to make a fire, then carrying in public.

In medieval England and Italy, they used firewood to tied prisoners. As a special stake column sucked people tied high, the foot pile of firewood in the fire. The famous person, Joan of Arc, who is in France, was executed by this way, and the famous people, Galileo was hurted by fire punishement, b ecause they think that Burned at the stake always contact with eliminate the evil heretics.

Look at the **//Anthem//**, it shows that Equality saw someone who died by fire when he was a kid. The man who get punish because he said the words of the evil one. “We stood in the great square with all the children and all the men, sent to behold the burning. They brought the Transgressor out into the square and they led him to the pyre.”(50) Here teaches that fire punishment is in the public, the council let everyone to see how this Transgressor death, it is humiliation for a people. In other way, the council wanted to burn this Transgressor also means to purify the “evil man” and “evil words”.

Why Ayn Rand chose this way to show the death? She set the world after a great rebirth, it means that the world is a new time after now, and form the information, fire punishment is a way that was popular in the Middle Ages. She chose an old way to punish a man who lives in “new time”. It shows in her mind, she does not think it is a real “new time” “great rebirth”, it is like retrogression. In the Middle Ages, death by fire use to purify the evil things, it is cold and cruel. It shows the man and the words of evil ones symbolize the evil and ugly like paganism. So it has a great effect to satirize the “new world”. And burned at the stake is slow and painful, it can make people die slowly. This way can show how crazy the council is.

[[image:huameieng4u-02/1.jpg width="303" height="359" link="http://postimg1.mop.com/200701/15/98/1409298/20070115235647516.jpg"]]
Now, that information will show why Equality will get whipping.Whipping exist in various periods of history

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“We knew that the blows were falling upon our back. Only we felt nothing upon our back any longer. A flaming grill kept dancing before our eyes, and we thought of nothing save that grill of red squares, and then we knew that we were looking at the squares of the iron grill in the door, and there ware also the squares of stone on the walls, and the squares which the lash was cutting upon our back, crossing and re-crossing itself in our flesh.”(65、 66) those sentence make people feel indebted as if it were received in our mind. People can feel what a pain the whipping is. And at the same time, people also know the cruel of this punishment.======

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This is the reason why she chose whipping to punish Equality. Whipping always uses to focus people and treat them. Sometimes when the criminal punish by whip, they lose their half-life, the bone may be broken, and the skin may be tearing.======

**all the information come form:**
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